Ugrabljeni regulatorji

Dobro desetletje po liberalizaciji telekomunikacijskega trga je Slovenija po nekaterih kazalnikih med najslabše razvitimi članicami Evropske unije. Celo države, ki smo jih pred petnajstimi in več leti uvrščali med manj razvite, so telekomunikacijsko danes razvitejše od Slovenije. Zalomilo se nam je tako v storitvenem kot v proizvodnem delu telekomunikacijske industrije. Nekaj svetlih izjem nas ne sme odvrniti od identifikacije problemov in njihovega reševanja. Kaj se je zgodilo?

Spletne storitve morajo biti dostopne vsem

Vsa spletišča organov javnega sektorja in osnovne spletne storitve morajo biti dostopne vsem državljanom. Odbor za notranji trg Evropskega parlamenta je na sestanku 28. novembra sprejel ambiciozna dopolnila predloga direktive, ki bo omogočila, da bo več kot 100 milijonov državljanov s težavami pri dostopu do spletišč lahko dostopalo do informacij in uporabljalo spletne storitve, kot je e-dohodnina.

Internet spodbuja večjo vključenost ljudi na vseh področjih. Vse več vsebin in storitev je dostopnih prek spleta, ne le zaradi stroškovne učinkovitosti, ampak tudi zaradi novih poslovnih modelov in spremenjenega načina življenja. Zato je zelo pomembno, da dostop omočimo vsem prebivalcem – poskrbeti moramo za vključenost ne le invalidov, temveč tudi vse bolj starajočega se prebivalstva.

Evropski parlament danes o prihodnosti odprtega interneta

Odbor Evropskega parlamenta za industrijo, raziskave in energijo (ITRE) na današnjem sestanku obravnava predlog uredbe Evropske komisije o ukrepih za enotni trg elektronskih komunikacij. Na zasedanju konec oktobra je Evropski svet že podprl ambiciozni načrt za vzpostavitev enotnega digitalnega trga do leta 2015, katerega osnovni cilj je povečati gospodarsko rast in ustvariti nova delovna mesta.

Podjetja in državljani bi imeli na enotnem trgu dostop do elektronskih komunikacijskih storitev povsod v Uniji, ne glede na to, kje se zagotavljajo, brez čezmejnih omejitev ali neupravičenih dodatnih stroškov. Prosto bi lahko izbirali tudi ponudnike storitev. Predlog o enotnem digitalnem trgu je med uporabniki elektronskih komunikacijskih omrežij in storitev naletel na odobravanje po vsej Uniji. Uporabniki pa izpostavljajo nekatere ključne elemente v predlogu uredbe, ki predstavljajo bistven poseg v doslej uveljavljene pravice.

Clouds over Telekom Slovenije privatisation plan

The Slovenian Compensation Company (SOD) appointed Citigroup Global Markets Limited as a financial advisor for the privatisation of Telekom Slovenije. The agreement was signed on 30 October 2013. The Slovenian government is determined to sell Telekom Slovenije (LJSE:TLSG) by the end of 2014. This is the third time the Government has considered selling the state’s stake in the incumbent telecommunications operator. In May, it prepared a privatisation plan with a set of 15 companies, including Telekom Slovenije, to be sold off. The National Assembly approved the privatisation plan on 21 June 2013.

State ownership in European telecommunications incumbents

The European Union (EU) is traditionally neutral on the ownership of enterprises and Member States are free to choose the forms of ownership of their enterprises (European Economy). Privatisation is not part of any legal obligations related to the electronic communications regulation. However, most of the European telecommunications operators have been privatised during the privatisation wave of 1980-90s, spurred by liberalisation.

Slovenia is in a group of five EU Member States that have retained majority state ownership of their incumbent telecommunications operators: Luxemburg (100%), Cyprus (100%), Slovenia (72% plus an additional approx. 3% indirect stake), Belgium (53,51%) and Latvia (51%).

A timeline of Slovenian 4G spectrum assignment process

Slovenian lawmakers adopted a decision to assign frequencies in the 800 MHz band, a so called digital dividend, for mobile broadband in 2007. They were ambitious and wanted to launch mobile broadband services in the 800 MHz band already in 2011. Six years later and more than seven years after the adoption of the underlying strategy, we are still far from assigning frequencies. We have not got even a complete mobile auction information memorandum. The Slovenian National Regulatory Authority (NRA) requires changes in auctioning provisions of the recently adopted Electronic Communications Act, which may lead to further delays.

Europe needs a coherent and coordinated radio spectrum policy

The mobile broadband has become the most dynamic ICT market and much more important than the underlying technology. It has a transformational impact, driving far-reaching social and economic transformations through new services and changes in consumer habits. It is changing the way we live and work. Europe was once a leader in mobile communications, but has in recent years fallen behind South Korea, Japan, Australia and United States, where markets now enjoy much higher penetration rates of 4G mobile broadband communications than in Europe.

Reasons for the low take-up of mobile broadband in Slovenia

The latest global broadband report, released on Saturday by the United Nations Broadband Commission, reveals an astonishingly high global growth rate in mobile broadband subscriptions of some 30%. This is the highest growth rate of any ICT. In 2012, it exceeded fixed broadband subscriptions by a ratio of 3:1 (up from 2:1 just two years ago).

Slovenia has dropped seven ranks in mobile broadband penetration to 43rd place in the 2013 global broadband report. The decline is in large part attributable to a slower adoption of mobile broadband technology despite the growth of subscriptions in 2012 was still remarkably high at 26,6%. Slovenia has lost two places and is 22nd amongst 28 EU member states. What is worrying is the gap between the economies with highest mobile broadband penetration that is three times higher than in Slovenia.

Telekom Slovenije – a brief history of its privatisation

Telekom Slovenije, one of Slovenia’s largest and most important business groups, has successfully resisted privatisation since its separation from PTT Slovenije in 1995. Both privatisation attempts were marked with strong opposition against privatisation. For proponents of state ownership Telekom Slovenije has been a strategic company and valuable state’s crown jewel that should remain state-owned. This is the third time the government has considered selling its stake in the incumbent telecommunications operator. The government seems to be determined to carry out the privatisation of Telekom Slovenije. However, its privatisation plan is likely to face strong opposition which is already growing.

The first privatisation attempt – a missed peak of the telecom hype

The first attempt to privatise Telekom Slovenije was made between 1999 and 2001. The government started the privatisation process in 1999 and appointed members of the privatisation commission. In 2000, it hired the consultancy firm PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC) that prepared three privatisation models. Each envisaged a reduction of the state’s stake in Telekom Slovenije below 50% either immediately or in a short run of two to three years. 

Minister Pikalo would sell Telekom Slovenije without infrastructure

The Slovenian minister for electronic communications Jernej Pikalo has recently announced that he is going to propose structural separation of Telekom Slovenije. The announcement has come as a surprise as there had been no prior consultation on the issue, neither within the government offices nor publicly with other stakeholders. Besides, Telekom Slovenije has been on a list of state-owned companies for sale and the Parliament has already approved the government’s privatisation plan. The next step in privatisation was made at the end of August when shareholders, the majority of them state-owned companies, signed an agreement to sell a combined stake of 72,75% in Telekom Slovenije, which is valued at EUR 710 million at current market price. The state’s stake is worth EUR 517 million.